Prevalence, pattern and treatment outcome of newborn birth injuries among neonatal unit admissions in a teaching hospital in south-western Nigeria
Keywords:
Neonatal Birth injuries, Newborn, Prevalence, Caput Succedaneum, Perinatal careAbstract
Introduction: Neonatal birth injuries (NBI) are a diverse set of mechanical traumas from tractions and compressions affecting neonates during delivery, and these range from minor bruises and lacerations to significant injuries such as obstetric fractures and nerve injuries. This study aimed to determine the prevalence, pattern, and outcome of newborn birth injuries seen at UNIOSUN Teaching Hospital (UTH), Osogbo.
Methods: This retrospective descriptive study was conducted at UTH, Osogbo, in Osun State, South-Western Nigeria. The data of the 190 neonates with birth injuries attended to in the hospital's neonatal unit over 11 years from 1st January 2012 to 31st December 2022 were collected. The data were analyzed using the IBM Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 23 (SPSS 23).
Results: The prevalence rate of NBI was 100.2/1000 NU admission (10%). The most common type of birth injury was caput succedaneum, accounting for 71.6% of the cases. Perinatal asphyxia was the dominant associated co-morbidities (79.5%). Most (98.9%) had favorable outcomes, while 1.1% were referred on account of residual deformity. The mode of delivery, place, and duration between delivery were significantly associated with treatment outcomes (p-value <0.001, 0.003).
Conclusion: The prevalence of neonatal birth injuries was high in our study. Caput succedaneum was the predominant NBI in our survey.
References
Gupta R, Cabacungan ET. Neonatal birth trauma: analysis of yearly trends, risk factors, and outcomes. The Journal of Pediatrics. 2021; 238:174–180. pmid:34242670 .
Woldegeorgis BZ, Gebrekidan AY, Kassie GA, Azeze GA, Asgedom YS, Alemu HB, et al. Neonatal birth trauma and associated factors in low and middle-income countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2024; 19(3):e0298519. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0298519. PMID: 38512995; PMCID: PMC10957092.
Ekwochi U, Osuorah DIC, Asinobi IN. Birth injuries in newborn: A prospective study of deliveries in South-East Nigeria. African Journal of Medical and Health Sciences. 2021; 20(4): p. 41–46
Pius S, Ibrahim HA, Ibrahim BA, Farouk AG, Machoko Y, Bello M. Incidence and characteristics of neonatal birth injuries in Maiduguri North-Eastern Nigeria. Nigerian Journal of Paediatrics. 2018; 45(2):99-105.
West BA, Okari T. Incidence, Pattern and Outcome of Birth Injuries as Seen in a Tertiary Hospital in Southern Nigeria. International Journal of Research and Review. 2021; 8(6):8–17.
Emeka CK, Uchenna E, Tochukwu EJ, Chukwuebuka NO, Chikaodili ET, Chigozie IC. Profile of birth injuries in a tertiary hospital in Enugu, Nigeria. American Journal of Biomedical and Life Sciences. 2019; 7(5):99-103.
Okoro PE, Oriji VK. Spectrum of birth trauma and predisposing factors. Experience in two Nigerian tertiary health facilities. East African Medical Journal. 2018; 95(6):1672–1679.
Rehm A, Promod P, Ogilvy-Stuart A. Obstetric neonatal brachial plexus and facial nerve injuries: A 17 years single tertiary maternity hospital experience. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2019; 243:57–62.
Perlow JH, Wigton T, Hart J, Strassner HT, Nageotte MP, Wolk BM. Birth trauma. A five-year review of incidence and associated perinatal factors. The Journal of reproductive medicine. 1996; 41(10):754-60.
Ulici A, Herdea A, Dragomirescu MCLC. Obstetric fractures in caesarean delivery and risk factors as evaluated by paediatric surgeons. Int Orthop. 2022; 46(11):2611–7.
Elmas B, Ercan N, Ersak DT, Ozdemir EU, Çelik IH, Tapisiz OL, et al. Risk factors for brachial plexus injury and permanent sequelae due to shoulder dystocia. Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice. 2022; 25(12):2016-23.
Buchmann EJ, Stones W, Thomas N. Preventing deaths from complications of labour and delivery. Best Pr Res Clin Obs. 2016; 36:103–15.
Balis B, Diriba Hunde A, Lami M. Prevalence and Patterns of Neonatal Birth Trauma in Ethiopia: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Glob Pediatr Health. 2023; 10:2333794X231191982. doi: 10.1177/2333794X231191982. PMID: 37602141; PMCID: PMC10434842.
Osinaike BO, Akinseye LO, Akiyode OR, Anyaebunam C, Kushimo O. Prevalence and predictive factors of birth traumas in neonates presenting to the children emergency center of a tertiary center in Southwest, Nigeria. Journal of Clinical Sciences. 2017; 14(4):167-72.
Herskind A, Greisen G, Nielsen JB. Early identification and intervention in cerebral palsy. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology. 2015 Jan;57(1):29-36.
Halisçelik E, Soytas MA. Sustainable development from millennium 2015 to Sustainable Development Goals 2030. Sustainable Development. 2019; 27(4):545-72.
Tibebu EA, Desta KW, Ashagre FM, Jemberu AA. Prevalence of birth injuries and associated factors among newborns delivered in public hospitals Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2021. Crossectional study. PloS one. 2023; 18(1):e0281066.
Kekki M, Tihtonen K, Salonen A, Koukkula T, Gissler M, Laivuori H, et al. Severe birth injuries in neonates and associated risk factors for injury in mothers with different types of diabetes in Finland. International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics. 2022; 159(1):195-203.
Tolosa G, Assefa N, Keneni M, Lonsako AA, Desalew A. Neonatal birth trauma and its predisposing factors among newborns admitted to public hospitals in Eastern Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study. Global Pediatric Health. 2023; 10:2333794X231183814.4
Alghafoor I, Saadoon H. Fetal and Maternal Risk Factors Associated With Birth Trauma. American Academic Scientific Research Journal for Engineering, Technology, and Sciences [Internet]. 2019;53(1):97-104.
Mamo SA, Teshome GS, Tesfaye T, Goshu AT. Perinatal asphyxia and associated factors among neonates admitted to a specialized public hospital in South Central Ethiopia: A retrospective cross-sectional study. PloS one. 2022 Jan 13;17(1):e0262619.
Lin Y, Davis TJ, Zorrilla-Vaca A, Wojcik BM, Miyamoto SD, Everitt MD, et al. Neonatal heart transplant outcomes: a single institutional experience. The Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery. 2021; 162(5):1361-8.
Phuengphaeng A, Sirisomboon R. Incidence and risk factors of major neonatal birth injuries in a tertiary care hospital in Thailand: a retrospective cohort study. Pacific Rim International Journal of Nursing Research. 2022; 26(2):243-53.
Biset G, Mihret S, Mekonen AM, Workie A. Magnitude of birth trauma and its associated factors in South Wollo public hospitals, northeast Ethiopia, August 2021: Institutional-Based Cross-Sectional Study. BMJ open. 2022; 12(9): e057567.
Tiwary R, Tiwary MK. Caesarean section with breech presentation and shaft femur fracture in newborn: a rare case report. Int J Reprod Contraception, Obstet Gynecol. 2022; 12(1):246-248. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20223503
Niles K, Barrett J, Ladhani N. Comparison of cesarean versus vaginal delivery of extremely preterm gestations in breech presentation: retrospective cohort study. J Matern Neonatal Med. 2019; 32:1142–1147.
Luca A, Vinturache A, Ilea C, Avasiloaiei A, Paduraru L, Carauleanu A, et al. Birth trauma in preterm spontaneous vaginal and cesarean section deliveries: A 10-years retrospective study. PloS one. 2022; 17(10):e0275726.
Mahmood K, Saleh A. Barriers and facilitators influencing access to and utilization of primary healthcare services in Kurdistan-region, Iraq: a cross-sectional study. Ann Med Surg. 2023;85:3409–17.
Bel G, Esteve M. Is Private Production of Hospital Services Cheaper than Public Production? A Meta-Regression of Public Versus Private Costs and Efficiency for Hospitals. Int Public Manag J. 2020; 23:1–24.
Sharma J, Leslie HH, Regan M, Nambiar D, Kruk ME. Can India’s primary care facilities deliver? A cross-sectional assessment of the Indian public health system’s capacity for basic delivery and newborn services. BMJ Open. 2018; 8(6):e020532.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Western Nigeria Journal of Medical Sciences
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
