Echocardiographic patterns in patients with Human Immunodeficiency Virus infection
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.4314/wnjms.v8i1.5Keywords:
cardiac HIVAbstract
Introduction: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) may cause progressive dysfunction of multiple organ systems including cardiac abnormalities some of which may be subclinical in nature. This study evaluated the echocardiographic patterns in patients with HIV infection.
Methods: A prospective case-control study involving one hundred HIV- seropositive adult patients of age range 18 – 60 years (mean: 44.9 + 10.09 years) comprising 79 females and 21 males. Echocardiography was performed to assess the interventricular septal wall, left ventricular posterior wall thickness, left ventricular ejection fraction and diastolic function abnormalities. SPSS was used for univariate, bivariate and multivariate data analysis with statistical significance set at p-values of <0.05.
Results: The interventricular septum and left ventricular posterior wall thicknesses were increased, whilst the ejection fraction values were reduced with diastolic function abnormalities. Additional cardiac abnormalities detected included dilated cardiomyopathy and a calcified tricuspid valve.
Conclusion: Echocardiographic imaging of persons with HIV infection showed an increase in the interventricular septal thickness, left ventricular posterior myocardial wall thickness with reduced ejection fraction and presence of diastolic function abnormalities.
References
Falutz J. Pathophysiology of HIV/AIDS. Managing the Older Adult Patient with HIV. 1st Edition ed. Springer International Switzerland: ADIS; 2016. p. 7-18.
Singh A, Das S, Dalai RK. Study of cardiac manifestations in patients with HIV infection and their correlation with CD4 count in Indian population. International Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2012; 3(03):178.
Nina Rakhlin PH, Cheitlin MD. Cardiac Manifestations of HIV. HIV Insite Knowledge Base Chapter October 2005. Available from: www.hivinsite.ucsf.edu (Date Accessed:….)
Liao CT, Toh HS, Chang WT, Yang CT, Chen ZC, Tang HJ, et al. Assessment of subclinical cardiac dysfunction by speckle-tracking echocardiography among people living with human immunodeficiency virus. Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine. 2023; 10:1200418.
Fisher SD, Lipshultz SE. Epidemiology of cardiovascular involvement in HIV disease and AIDS. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 2001; 946(1):13-22.
Mishra TK, Mishra SK, Singh S. Cardiovascular manifestations of people living with HIV/AIDS: Report from a hot spot in eastern India. Indian heart journal. 2019; 71(4):338-343.
Sud K, Argulian E. Echocardiography in patients with HIV infection. Current Cardiology Reports. 2020; 22:1-7.
Reinsch N, Kahlert P, Esser S, Sundermeyer A, Neuhaus K, Brockmeyer N, et al. Echocardiographic findings and abnormalities in HIV-infected patients: results from a large, prospective, multicenter HIV-heart study. American journal of cardiovascular disease. 2011; 1(2):176.
Magula NP, Mayosi BM. Cardiac involvement in HIV-infected people living in Africa: a review. Cardiovascular Journal of South Africa. 2003; 14(5):231-237.
Spencer B, Gay RJW Jr. Imaging Techniques: Doppler Ultrasound. Radiology Recall. 2nd ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2008. p. 43.
Maurya SK, Bajaj S, Saxena P, Sonker KK, Verma SK. Cardiac manifestations in HIV patients and their correlation with CD4 count. International Journal of Advances in Medicine. 2017; 4(3):783.
Ogunmodede JA, Kolo PM, Katibi IA, Salami AK, Omotoso A. Structural echocardiographic abnormalities seen in HIV/AIDS patients are independent of cd4 count. Nigerian journal of clinical practice. 2017; 20(6):716-723.
Olusegun-Joseph AD, Ajuluchukwu JN, Okany CC, Mbakwem AC, Oke DA, Okubadejo NU. Echocardiographic abnormalities and disease severity (based on CD4 count) in treatment-naive HIV positive patients. HIV & AIDS Review International Journal of HIV-Related Problems. 2017; 16(3):169-175.
Adebola AP, Akinbo AA, Daniel FA. Relationship between CD4 cell count and left ventricular dimension and function in treatment-naïve human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients. Nigerian Journal of Cardiology. 2019; 16(1):11.
Meng Q, Lima J, Lai H, Vlahov D, Celentano DD, Strathdee S, et al. Use of HIV protease inhibitors is associated with left ventricular morphologic changes and diastolic dysfunction. Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999). 2002; 30(3):306-310.
Hsue PY, Hunt PW, Ho JE, Farah HH, Schnell A, Hoh R, et al. Impact of HIV infection on diastolic function and left ventricular mass. Circulation: Heart Failure. 2009:CIRCHEARTFAILURE. 109.854943.
Olusegun-Joseph D, Ajuluchukwu J, Okany C, Mbakwem A, Oke D, Okubadejo N. Echocardiographic patterns in treatment-naïve HIV-positive patients in Lagos, south-west Nigeria: cardiovascular topic-online article. Cardiovascular journal of Africa. 2012; 23(8):1-6.
Doria de Vasconcellos H, Post WS, Ervin AM, Haberlen SA, Budoff M, Malvestutto C, et al. Associations between HIV serostatus and cardiac structure and function evaluated by 2‐dimensional echocardiography in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. Journal of the American Heart Association. 2021; 10(7):e019709.
Robbertse PPS, Doubell AF, Steyn J, Lombard CJ, Talle MA, Herbst PG. Altered cardiac structure and function in newly diagnosed people living with HIV: a prospective cardiovascular magnetic resonance study after the initiation of antiretroviral treatment. The International Journal of Cardiovascular Imaging. 2023; 39(1):169-182.
Athanasiadi E, Bonou M, Basoulis D, Kapelios CJ, Masoura C, Skouloudi M, et al. Subclinical left ventricular systolic dysfunction in HIV patients: prevalence and associations with carotid atherosclerosis and increased adiposity. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2022; 11(7):1804.
Sachdeva S, Kaur S, Khurana T, Singh G. A Study of Cardiac Manifestations of HIV/AIDS. Annals of International Medical and Dental Research. 2017; 3(3):18.
Isiguzo G, Okeahialam B, Danbauchi S, Odili A, Iroezindu M. Determinants of HIV-related cardiac disease among adults in north central Nigeria. Heart Asia. 2014; 5(1):130-135.
Butler J, Greene SJ, Shah SH, Shah SJ, Anstrom KJ, Kim RJ, et al. Diastolic dysfunction in patients with human immunodeficiency virus receiving antiretroviral therapy: results from the CHART study. Journal of cardiac failure. 2020; 26(5):371-380.
Bendwal K, Bendwal S, Gawarikar S, Dhawale R. Cardiac manifestation of HIV infection. Journal of medical science and clinical research (JMSCR). 2019; 07(08):298-302.
Twagirumukiza M, Nkeramihigo E, Seminega B, Gasakure E, Boccara F, Barbaro G. Prevalence of dilated cardiomyopathy in HIV-infected African patients not receiving HAART: a multicenter, observational, pros
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Western Nigeria Journal of Medical Sciences
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
